1. Gini bu apolymerA na-eme ihe enyemaka? Gịnị bụ ọrụ ya?
Azịza: Ihe mgbakwunye bụ kemịkalụ nke mkpụrụ osisi na ngwaahịa na ngwaahịa na mmepụta ma ọ bụ usoro nhazi iji meziwanye usoro mmepụta ma mee ka arụmọrụ ngwaahịa dịkwuo mma. Na usoro nhazi ebe a na-emegharị na roba n'ime plastik na ngwaahịa roba, mmiri ọgwụ dịgasị iche iche dị mkpa.
Ọrụ: ① Meziwanye arụmọrụ nke polymers, ọnọdụ nhazi, ma nyefee arụmọrụ nhazi; Meziwanye arụmọrụ nke ngwaahịa, mee ka uru ha bara na ndụ ha.
2.Ghaa bụ ndakọrịta dị n'etiti ihe mgbakwunye na polymers? Kedu ihe ọ pụtara na ọsụsọ?
Azịza: Polymerization - Future nke ihe mgbakwunye siri ike; Ọsụsọ - ọdịda nke ihe mgbakwunye mmiri.
Ndakọrịta dị n'etiti ihe mgbakwunye na polymers na-ezo aka ike nke ihe mgbakwunye na polymers ka a gwakọtara ọnụ ogologo oge na-enweghị imepụta ihe nkewa na ọdịda;
3.Gịnị bụ ọrụ nke fọdụrụnụ?
Azịza: Na-emebi ihe nke abụọ n'etiti ụmụ iri kpakpando nke polymer, nke a na-akpọ Van der Waals ike, na-eme ka ngagharị nke polymer na-ebelata ntiwapụ nke polyminalinity.
4. Kedu ka polystyrene nwere ike iguzogide nke ọma karịa polypropylene?
Azịza ya: Ndị otu Phenyl na-eji dochie anya ya, ihe kpatara ihe kpatara ihe kpatara ihe kpatara PST anaghị eme ka ọ ghara ịka nká bụ na mgbanaka Benzene nwere mmetụta na-adịgide na H; PP nwere hydrogen hydrogen ma na-enwekarị ịka nká.
5. Kedu ihe kpatara eji kpo oku PVC na-akwụghị ụgwọ?
Azịza: ① Ihe owuwu molecular nwere ezigbo ndozi na Alelll Chloride, nke na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ. Otu njedebe na-ebelata nkwụsi ike. Ntinye oxygen na-agbasa nke oyuyo nke hcl n'oge mmebi nke PVC; ③ a mepụtara HCL mepụtara site na mmeghachi omume ahụ nwere mmetụta na-arụ ọrụ na mmebi nke PVC; Na-emetụta usoro ọgwụgwọ plastiner.
6. Dabere na nsonaazụ nyocha ugbu a, gịnị bụ isi ọrụ nke mmechuihu?
Azịza: ① Na-abanye na Nilepụ HCL, gbochiri mmetụta ya na-arụ ọrụ; Na-anọchi a allyl Chloride Ams na PVC Molecules iji gbochie mmịpụta hctal; Na mgbakwunye mgbakwunye na mmeghachi omume polyene na-emebi nguzobe nke nnukwu sistemụ na-agbagha ma belata agba; Weghara radicals n'efu ma gbochie mmeghachi omume oxidation; ⑤ Naturalization ma ọ bụ ngagharị nke igwe eyịm ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-emerụ emerụ nke na-enweghị mmebi; O nwere nchebe, na-echebe, na mmetụta na-esighi ike na radieshon ultraviolet.
7.Whing bụ ikuku ultraviolet bụ ihe kacha emebi polymers?
Azịza: ebili mmiri ultraviolet dị ogologo ma dị ike, na-agbaji ọtụtụ nke polymer kemịkal kemịkal.
8. Kedu ụdị usoro synergistic na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nke na-egbu egbu na-ere ahịa bụ nke, gịnịkwa bụ ụkpụrụ na ọrụ ya?
Azịza: Ngwongwo ndị na-ere ahịa na-egbu egbu bụ nke phosphorus nitrogen synergistic Sistem.
Usoro: Mgbe polymen nwere ike ire ọkụ na-ewe iwe, a ga-akpụ ụrọ carbon carbon n'elu ya. Igwe ahụ nwere ezigbo relamerancy n'ihi mkpuchi mkpuchi ọkụ ya, Ikpeazụ, Sunge Smolation, Sunge Smonetion na Mgbochi Mbipu.
9. Gini bu ihe omumu oxygen, oleekwa mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nha oxygen na Relame Relate?
Azịza: OI = O2 / O2 n2) x 100%, ebe o2 bụ ọnụego ikuku oxygen; N2: Nitrogen na-asọpụta. Index Inx oxygen na-ezo aka na pasent nke oxygen nke oxygen chọrọ na ngwakọta oxygen na-aga n'ihu mgbe nlele ụfọdụ nwere ike ịgba ọkụ na-aga n'ihu na nwayọ dị ka kandụl. OI <21 bụ flamble, oi bụ 22-25 na Njirimara nke ịchụ onwe onye, 26-27 siri ike ịmị mkpụrụ, ma karịa 28 siri ezigbo ike ịpụpụ.
10. Ohi a na-agbapụta usoro ire ọkụ na-egosipụta nsonaazụ synergistic?
Azịza: A na-ejikarị sb2o3 a na-ejikarị ihe àmà, ebe a na-ejikarị oghere ndị na-eme ihe maka oge. A na-eji sb2o3 / igwe na-ejikarị ya na-agbọpụta n'ihi mmekọrịta ya na ime hydrogen Milage wepụtara site na ha.
Ma ngwaahịa a na-emebi emebi n'ime sbcl3, nke bụ mmanụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na-enweghị isi. Gas a nwere nnukwu akụkụ dị elu ma nwee ike ịnọ na mpaghara a na-ere ọkụ ogologo oge iji di ube na-enwu ọkụ, na-ekewa ikuku, ma na-ekere òkè n'olile; Nke abuo, o nwere ike ijide radicals free na-egbochi oku. Na mgbakwunye, SBCL3 na-eme ka ịbanye dị ka ihe siri ike n'elu ọkụ, na mmetụta mgbidi ya na-ebelata nnukwu okpomọkụ, na-agbada ma ọ bụ ịkwụsị ọsọ ngwa ngwa. N'ikwu okwu, oke nke 3: 1 dị mma maka chlorine na ọla.
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Azịza: ● Ngwaahịa mebiri emebi nke ndị na-azụ ahịa na-ere ọkụ na-enweghị ihe nkiri na-enweghị ihe nkiri na-enweghị mmiri, nke nwere ike ịtọpụ ikuku ikuku ma ọ bụ nwee oke ikuku.
② na-ere ahịa na-ere ọkụ na-agagharị na ikuku na-enweghị ikuku na-anaghị anyụ, site na gas na-enye gas na-agbanwe agbanwe na ngbanwe oxygen; ③ aputa na mbibi nke ndi na - ere ahia na - akpo oku ma were kpoo okpomoku;
Ndị na-azụ ahịa na-ere ọkụ na-akwalite nguzobe nke mkpuchi mkpuchi ọkụ ọkụ na mbara plastics, na-egbochi nduru na nkụda mmụọ.
12.Ghinnye bu oke plastik na eletrik na eletrik n'oge nhazi ma ọ bụ iji?
Azịza: N'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na a na-ejikarị eriri polymer na-abụkarị nke agbụ, ha enweghị ike ịtat ma ọ bụ nyefee ekwentị. N'oge nhazi ya na iji ngwaahịa ya, mgbe ọ na-abanye na kọntaktị na ihe ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ n'onwe ya, ọ na-akpata ya n'ihi uru elektrọn, ọ na-esiri ike ịpụ na ya.
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Azịza: RYX R: Oleophilic otu, Y: Njikọ Njikọ, X: Hydrophilic otu. N'ime ụmụ irighiri ihe, a ga-enwerịrị nguzozi kwesịrị ekwesị n'etiti ndị na-abụghị polaphilic otu polar hydrophilic otu, ha kwesịrị inwe ụfọdụ ndakọrịta na polymen ihe. Ndị otu Alkyl dị elu C12 bụ otu ihe eji eme ihe, ebe hydroophy, carboxy, sulfonic acid, na agbụ ndị na-ahụkarị.
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Azịza: Nke mbụ, ndị na-emegide static na-etolite ihe nkiri na-aga n'ihu, nke nwere ike ịtachi elu nke na-egbochi elu ya ngwa ngwa, iji mezuo nzube nke mgbochi; Nke abụọ bụ ịkwado elu anụ ahụ na ogo nke lubrication, belata esemokwu ahụ, wee si otu a wee belata ọgbọ nke ebubo ọnụ.
A na - ejikarị ndị na - emegide ọnọdụ dị ka ndị na - agbasa ma ọ bụ ndị na - achụsasị mmiri, mmanya, ma ọ bụ ihe mgbazi ndị ọzọ. Mgbe ị na-eji ndị ọrụ mgbochi na-eme ihe na-etinye ihe polymer polymer ihe, akụkụ nke mgbochi na-eme ihe nkiri, na-ekere òkè na-eme ka ọrụ eletrik;
A gwakọtara mgbochi ime ụlọ na-aga n'ihu na polymer matriks n'oge nhazi rọba, wee mechaa gaa n'elu polymen iji kpọọ ọrụ mgbochi na-emegide ya;
③ Na-ejikọ polymer na-adịgide adịgide n'ụlọnga bụ usoro nke polymers hydrophr na-agwakọta polymer iji mee ka ọ bụrụ ụzọ na-eduzi ya ma hapụ ebubo static.
15. Kedu mgbanwe na-eme na nhazi na akụrụngwa nke roba na virus?
Azịza: ① Vulcanized Tọsbụ agbanweela site na usoro a na-eme ihe na-eme ka ihe owuwu network atọ; ② Oke kpo oku adighizi aka; ③ an ugh u na-agọnarị onye na-akpachapụ anya; ④ kwalite modulu na ihe isi ike; ⑤ Njirimara nke mebere; ⑥ a na-eme ka mmegide na-ezu ike na mmachi ike; N 'arụmọrụ nke ọkara ahụ nwere ike ibelata.
16. Kedụ ihe dị iche n'etiti sọlfọ sulfide na sọlfọ na-enye sulfide?
Azịza: ① sulfur eriri: Ọtụtụ sọlfọ, iguzogide, iguzogide, nguzogide na-adịghị mma, na nnukwu nrụrụ na-adịgide adịgide; Ilfur Donur: Otutu otu sọlfọ na-eguzogide, nguzosi ike na-eguzogide.
17. Kedu ihe na-eme ka onye na-akwalite mgbanwe na-eme?
Azịza: Meziwanye arụmọrụ roba, belata ọnụahịa, ma melite arụmọrụ. Bekee nwere ike ịkwalite ọghọm. Ọ nwere ike belata ọgbaghara dị iche iche, belata ọnọdụ okpomọkụ, belata ego nke oghere, ma melite ihe anụ ahụ na nke arụ ọrụ nke roba.
18. Oke ọkụ na-eme ihe ngosi: na-ezo aka na phenomenon nke usoro nke ihe roba n'oge nhazi.
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Azịza: Ọrụ nke onye na-arụ ọrụ bụ iji mee ka ọrụ nke ihe osooso, belata usoro nke onye na-eme ngwa ọrụ, na-eme ka oge dị njọ.
Onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike: Ihe nwere ike iwelie ọrụ nke osisi ọganihu, na-enye ha ohere ịkpachara anya, si otú a na -ebelata ego nke iji ma ọ bụ belata ọnọdụ. A na-ekewa ndị ọrụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ime ụzọ abụọ: Ngalaba na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ndị nnọchi anya ahịhịa na-arụsi ọrụ ike. Inorganic Surfters na-agụnye ọla metaltodes, hydroxidede, na carnata ndị dị mkpa; Ndị na-ahụ maka ahịhịa na-agụnyekarị acids, amines, sọks, pollols, na amino mmanya. Dinggbakwunye obere ego nke Onye mgbatị ahụ nwere ike ịziwanye ogo ya.
1) inorganic na-arụ ọrụ: tumadi ọla;
2) Ndi oru ndi oru ndi oru: tumadi abuba.
AKA: ② ZNO nwere ike ime ka ntuli aka nke roba na-eguzosi ike.
20.Gịnị bụ mmetụta post nke ngwa osooso na ụdị ngwaike ndị nwere ezigbo nsonaazụ posta?
Azịza: N'okpuru ọnọdụ ọnọdụ ọjọọ, ọ gaghị akpata nsogbu mbụ. Mgbe a ruru nmegwu onodu ahu, ihe ojoo di elu, a na-akpọ ala a post postator. Sulfonamides nwere ezigbo nsonaazụ post.
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Azịza: Lubricant - mgbakwunye nke nwere ike ime ka ọdịkasị ahụ dị mma na ndọtị nke akụrụngwa, na-eme ka rọba na-agbanwe agbanwe, ma na-akpọ mmepụta na-aga n'ihu, na-akpọ ya amịpụta.
Ndị na-emepụta mmanụ nwere ike iwelie lubrity nke elu plastik n'oge nhazi, belata ike a na-ejikọ ọnụ, ma na-ebelata ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ịbụ ihe kachasị na plastik. Ndị na-akpụ akpụ akpụ nwere ike belata esemokwu nke polymers, mụbaa ọnụego na-agbaze ma melata viocosity, ma meziwanye arụmọrụ plastik.
Ọdịiche dị n'etiti na mpụga nke na mpụga: ndị na-eme ka ezigbo ọkọlọtọ na polymers, belata esemokwu dị n'etiti ụdọ molecular, ma melite arụmọrụ dị iche iche; Na ndị na-amị amịpụta na-achọ ogo ụfọdụ ndakọrịta na polymers iji belata esemokwu dị n'etiti ndị polymers na mbara igwe.
22. Kedụ ihe na-ekpebi ịdị ukwuu nke ndị na-agba ume nke ndị jupụtara?
Azịza: Ntinye aka nke mmetụta mgbakwunye na-adabere na isi ihe eji eme ya, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke irighiri ihe, mpaghara a kapịrị ọnụ, na nchịkọta na mgbasa nke na polymers. Akụkụ kachasị mkpa bụ mmekọrịta dị n'etiti oghere ahụ na interface oyi akwa guzobere eriri nke polymer ma ọ bụ kristal na-agba mbọ site na kristal na ngbanwe nke polymer agbụ n'ime oyi akwa.
23. Olee ihe na-emetụta ike nke plattik?
Azịza: ① Ike nke onye na-eme ka ihe dị mkpa iji mezuo ihe ndị a chọrọ; Enwere ike ibute ike polymers dị ike site na nhọrọ na mgbanwe nke polymers; ③ elu nke di n'etiti ahihia na polymers; ④ ihe nhazi ihe maka iji ihe eji eme ihe.
24. Gịnị bụ ihe ị na-eme na ya, njiri mara ya, na ihe atụ iji kọwaa usoro iji kọwaa usoro ihe omume.
Azịza: Ndị ọrụ na-ekwu okwu na-ezo aka n'ụdị ihe nwere ike ime ka ihe ndị metụtara interface dị n'etiti ndị na polymer.
E nwere ụdị ọrụ abụọ na usoro ihe owuwu ya: Otu nwere ike ịnwe mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ na polymer ma ọ bụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala ndakọrịta; Ụdị ọzọ nwere ike ịmekọ nkekọ kemịkal na ahịhịa. Iji maa atụ, enwere ike ide ihe nnọchite anya silane, a ga-ede usoro usoro izugbe dị ka nje na-arụ ọrụ na mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị, Epoxy, metryl, ndị otu Thiol. X bụ ndị otu Alkoxy nke nwere ike ịbụ hydrolyzed, dị ka methoxy, etchy, wdg.
25. Gịnị bụ onye na-achọ ịlụ ọgụ?
Azịza: A na-eme ihe nkiri bụ ụdị ihe nwere ike ịmepụta ihe owuwu nke roba ma ọ bụ plastik na mmiri ma ọ bụ rọba n'ime oke viscosise.
Ọfịs na-achọgharị anụ ahụ: ụdị onyinye na-enweta ebumnuche aghụghọ site na ịdabere mgbanwe na ọnọdụ anụ ahụ ya n'oge usoro na-acha ọkụ;
Chemical Fooding Arụ Ọrụ: Na ụfọdụ okpomọkụ, ọ ga - abụrụ ka ịmịpụta otu ma ọ bụ karịa, na - akpata polymer fooming.
26 Gini bu ihe njiri mara na nje na-eme na nje osisi na-eme mkpọtụ nke ndị ọrụ na-enweghị atụ?
Azịza: Uru na ọghọm nke ndị ọrụ na-atọ ụtọ: ① ezigbo mgbada na polymers; ② a impemotionsion Peaturess dị warara ma dịkwa mfe ịchịkwa; Ihe na-emepụta na gas N2 anaghị ere, ebe a na-egwuri egwu, na-enwe ike dị mfe, ọ dịghịkwa mfe iji gbanahụ ụfụfụ, na-ebute ọnụego uwe elu dị mfe; ④ Obere na-esite obere poses; ⑤ enwere ọtụtụ ụdị; Mgbe ịtatụ ụfụ, enwere ọtụtụ ebe, mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka 70% -85%. Ihe omume ndị a nwere ike ibute isi na-apụta ìhè, mmetọ polymer, ma ọ bụ mepụta elu frosenon elu; N'oge a kara aka, ọ bụ ihe ndị na-enye ọpụpụ. Ọ bụrụ na ikpo ọkụ nke a na-eme mkpọtụ na-adị oke, ọ nwere ike ibute nnukwu okpomọkụ nke polymer na kemịkal nke polymer na kemịkal nke polymer na-enwu ọkụ na mgbochi oku n'oge nchekwa na iji.
27. Kedụ ihe bụ ihe masterbatch?
Azịza: Ọ bụ nchịkọta nke eji eme ya site na iji ya na-ebute super mgbe niile na-egbu egbu mgbe niile ma ọ bụ iji mee ya na resin; Ihe ndị bụ isi: pigments ma ọ bụ nro, ndị na-ebu ya, ndị na-agbasasị, ihe mgbakwunye; Ọrụ: ① Oruru uru maka ịnọgide na-edebe ihe nkwụsi ike na agba agba; ② Meziwanye mgbasa ozi nke ụcha na plastics; Chebe ahụ ike nke ndị ọrụ; Usoro dị mfe na ntụgharị agba dị mfe; Gburugburu ebe obibi dị ọcha ma ọ naghị emerụ arịa; Chekwaa oge na akụrụngwa.
28. Gini ka ike ibi na-ezo aka?
Azịza: Ọ bụ ike nke ịgba akwụkwọ iji metụta agba nke ngwakọta niile na agba ha; Mgbe a na-eji ndị na-agba agba na ngwaahịa rọba, ike mkpuchi ha na-ezo aka ike ha iji gbochie ọkụ site na ịbanye ngwaahịa ahụ.
Oge post: APR-11-2024