TPU bụ polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, nke bụ copolymer blọk multiphase nke mejupụtara diisocyanates, polyols, na agbụ ígwè. Dịka elastomer dị elu, TPU nwere ọtụtụ ntụziaka ngwaahịa dị ala ma ejiri ya mee ihe n'ihe ndị dị mkpa kwa ụbọchị, ngwa egwuregwu, ihe egwuregwu, ihe ịchọ mma, na ubi ndị ọzọ, dị ka ihe akpụkpọ ụkwụ, paịpụ, eriri, ngwaọrụ ahụike, wdg.
Ugbu a, ndị isi na-emepụta ihe TPU gụnyere BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman, Wanhua Chemical,Ngwa ọhụrụ Linghua, na ihe ndị ọzọ. Site na nhazi na mmụba nke ikike ụlọ ọrụ dị n'ime obodo, ụlọ ọrụ TPU na-asọmpi nke ukwuu ugbu a. Agbanyeghị, n'ọhịa ngwa dị elu, ọ ka na-adabere na mbubata, nke bụkwa mpaghara China kwesịrị inweta ọganihu na ya. Ka anyị kwuo maka atụmanya ahịa n'ọdịnihu nke ngwaahịa TPU.
1. E-TPU nke na-afụ ụfụfụ nke ukwuu
Na 2012, Adidas na BASF jikọrọ aka mepụta aha akpụkpọ ụkwụ na-agba ọsọ EnergyBoost, nke na-eji TPU a kpụkọrọ akpụkọ (aha azụmaahịa infinergy) dị ka ihe etiti. N'ihi ojiji nke polyether TPU nwere ike siri ike nke Shore A nke 80-85 dị ka ihe ndabere, ma e jiri ya tụnyere EVA midsoles, TPU midsoles nwere ụfụfụ ka nwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe ezigbo nguzozi na nro n'ebe dị n'okpuru 0 ℃, nke na-eme ka nkasi obi dị mma ma a na-amata ya nke ọma n'ahịa.
2. Ihe mejupụtara TPU nke eriri megharịrị nke ọma
TPU nwere ezigbo iguzogide mmetụta, mana n'ọtụtụ ngwa, modulus dị elu na ihe siri ike dị mkpa. Mgbanwe nke eriri iko bụ usoro a na-ejikarị eme ihe iji mee ka modulus dị larịị nke ihe ndị ahụ dịkwuo elu. Site na mgbanwe, enwere ike nweta ihe mejupụtara thermoplastic nwere ọtụtụ uru dịka modulus dị elu, mkpuchi dị mma, iguzogide okpomọkụ siri ike, arụmọrụ mgbake dị mma, iguzogide nchara dị mma, iguzogide mmetụta, obere coefficient nke mgbasawanye, na nkwụsi ike nha.
BASF ewebatala teknụzụ maka ịkwadebe TPU fiberglass dị elu nke modulus nke ejiri eriri iko dị mkpụmkpụ mee ka ọ sie ike. E jiri ngwakọta polytetrafluoroethylene glycol (PTMEG, Mn=1000), MDI, na 1,4-butanediol (BDO) na 1,3-propanediol dị ka ihe eji arụ ọrụ mepụta TPU a. E jiri eriri iko mee ka TPU a dị n'ọkwa oke nke 52:48 iji nweta ihe mejupụtara ya nke nwere modulus elastic nke 18.3 GPa na ike nrụgide nke 244 MPa.
E wezụga eriri iko, e nwekwara akụkọ gbasara ngwaahịa ndị e ji TPU nke eriri carbon mee, dịka bọọdụ kọmpụta carbon fiber/TPU nke Covestro's Maezio, nke nwere modulus na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ruru 100GPa na njupụta dị ala karịa ọla.
3. TPU nke na-anaghị egbu ọkụ nke na-enweghị halogen
TPU nwere ike dị elu, ike dị elu, ezigbo nguzogide iyi na ihe ndị ọzọ, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe mkpuchi dị mma maka waya na eriri. Mana n'ọhịa ngwa dịka ebe chaja, a chọrọ nkwụsịtụ ọkụ dị elu. E nwere ụzọ abụọ iji melite arụmọrụ nkwụsịtụ ọkụ nke TPU. Otu bụ mgbanwe nkwụsịtụ ọkụ na-emegharị ahụ, nke gụnyere itinye ihe nkwụsịtụ ọkụ dị ka polyols ma ọ bụ isocyanates nwere phosphorus, nitrogen, na ihe ndị ọzọ na njikọ nke TPU site na njikọ kemịkalụ; nke abụọ bụ mgbanwe nkwụsịtụ ọkụ agbakwunyere, nke gụnyere iji TPU dị ka ihe ndabere na ịgbakwunye ihe nkwụsịtụ ọkụ maka ngwakọta agbaze.
Mgbanwe mmeghachi omume nwere ike ịgbanwe nhazi nke TPU, mana mgbe ọnụọgụ ihe mgbakwunye nke ihe na-egbochi ọkụ buru ibu, ike nke TPU na-ebelata, arụmọrụ nhazi ahụ na-aka njọ, itinye obere ego enweghịkwa ike iru ọkwa ihe na-egbochi ọkụ achọrọ. Ugbu a, enweghị ngwaahịa ihe na-egbochi ọkụ dị elu nke nwere ike izute ngwa nke ọdụ chaja n'ezie.
Onye bụbu Bayer MaterialScience (nke bụzi Kostron) webatara phosphorus organic nke nwere polyol (IHPO) nke dabere na phosphine oxide n'ime patent. Polyether TPU nke e si na IHPO, PTMEG-1000, 4,4 '- MDI, na BDO mepụta na-egosipụta ezigbo mgbochi ire ọkụ na njirimara igwe. Usoro mmịpụta ahụ dị ire ụtọ, elu ngwaahịa ahụ dịkwa ire ụtọ.
Ịtinye ihe mgbochi ọkụ na-enweghị halogen bụ ụzọ teknụzụ a na-ejikarị eme ihe ugbu a maka ịkwadebe TPU nke na-enweghị halogen. N'ozuzu, ihe mgbochi ọkụ dabere na phosphorus, dabere na nitrogen, dabere na silicon, dabere na boron bụ ihe jikọtara ọnụ ma ọ bụ a na-eji hydroxide metal dị ka ihe mgbochi ọkụ. N'ihi ike ọkụ dị n'ime TPU, a na-achọkarị ihe mgbochi ọkụ nke karịrị 30% iji mepụta oyi akwa mgbochi ọkụ kwụsiri ike n'oge ọkụ. Agbanyeghị, mgbe ọnụọgụ ihe mgbochi ọkụ agbakwunyere buru ibu, ihe mgbochi ọkụ na-agbasa n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma na substrate TPU, ihe onwunwe nke TPU nke na-egbochi ọkụ adịghị mma, nke na-egbochikwa ojiji ya na nkwalite ya n'ọhịa dịka hoses, ihe nkiri, na waya.
Akwụkwọ ikike BASF webatara teknụzụ TPU nke na-egbochi ire ọkụ, nke na-agwakọta melamine polyphosphate na phosphorus nwere ihe sitere na phosphinic acid dị ka ihe na-egbochi ire ọkụ na TPU nke nwere nkezi ibu molekul karịrị 150kDa. A chọpụtara na arụmọrụ ihe na-egbochi ire ọkụ ka mma nke ukwuu ebe ọ na-enweta ike nrụgide dị elu.
Iji mee ka ike nrụgide nke ihe ahụ dịkwuo mma, patent BASF webatara ụzọ maka ịkwadebe ihe nnọchi anya njikọta ihe nwere isocyanates. Ịtinye 2% nke ụdị masterbatch a na ihe mejupụtara nke na-emezu ihe achọrọ maka ihe mgbochi ọkụ UL94V-0 nwere ike ime ka ike nrụgide nke ihe ahụ dịkwuo elu site na 35MPa ruo 40MPa ma na-eme ka arụmọrụ ihe mgbochi ọkụ V-0 dịkwuo mma.
Iji melite iguzogide okpomọkụ nke TPU na-egbochi ire ọkụ, patent nkeỤlọ Ọrụ Ihe Ọhụrụ nke Linguana-ewebatakwa usoro eji ígwè hydroxides a kpụchara akpụcha n'elu dị ka ihe na-egbochi ire ọkụ. Iji melite iguzogide hydrolysis nke TPU na-egbochi ire ọkụ,Ụlọ Ọrụ Ihe Ọhụrụ nke Linguawebatara ígwè carbonate dabere na itinye ihe na-egbochi ire ọkụ melamine na ngwa patent ọzọ.
4. TPU maka ihe nkiri nchekwa agba ụgbọala
Ihe mkpuchi agba ụgbọala bụ ihe mkpuchi nchebe nke na-ekewapụ elu agba ahụ site na ikuku mgbe etinyere ya, na-egbochi mmiri ozuzo acid, oxidation, ọkọ, ma na-enye nchebe na-adịgide adịgide maka elu agba ahụ. Isi ọrụ ya bụ ichebe elu agba ụgbọala mgbe etinyere ya. Ihe mkpuchi nchebe agba ahụ na-abụkarị akwa atọ, nwere mkpuchi na-agwọ onwe ya n'elu, ihe mkpuchi polymer n'etiti, na ihe nrapado acrylic na-emetụta nrụgide n'elu oyi akwa ala. TPU bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi maka ịkwadebe ihe nkiri polymer dị n'etiti.
Ihe achọrọ maka arụmọrụ maka TPU eji eme ihe na ihe nkiri nchekwa agba bụ ndị a: iguzogide ọkọ, nghọta dị elu (mgbasa ozi ọkụ> 95%), mgbanwe okpomọkụ dị ala, iguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu, ike nrụgide> 50MPa, ogologo oge> 400%, na oke ike Shore A nke 87-93; arụmọrụ kachasị mkpa bụ iguzogide ihu igwe, nke gụnyere iguzogide ịka nká UV, mmebi okpomọkụ oxidative, na hydrolysis.
Ngwaahịa ndị tozuru okè ugbu a bụ TPU aliphatic nke e ji dicyclohexyl diisocyanate (H12MDI) na polycaprolactone diol mepụta dị ka ihe eji emepụta ihe. TPU aromatic nkịtị na-agbanwe odo odo mgbe otu ụbọchị nke radieshon UV gasịrị, ebe TPU aliphatic nke e ji eme ihe maka ihe mkpuchi ụgbọala nwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe nha nhata ya na-acha odo odo na-enweghị mgbanwe dị ukwuu n'otu ọnọdụ ahụ.
Poly (ε – caprolactone) TPU nwere arụmọrụ ka mma ma e jiri ya tụnyere polyether na polyester TPU. N'otu aka, ọ nwere ike igosipụta ezigbo iguzogide ndọda nke polyester nkịtị TPU, ebe n'aka nke ọzọ, ọ na-egosipụtakwa mgbanwe dị ala na-adịgide adịgide na arụmọrụ nlọghachi dị elu nke polyether TPU, si otú a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ahịa.
N'ihi ihe dị iche iche achọrọ maka ịdị irè ọnụ ahịa ngwaahịa mgbe emechara nkewa ahịa, site na imeziwanye teknụzụ mkpuchi elu na ikike nhazi usoro nrapado, enwerekwa ohere maka itinye polyether ma ọ bụ polyester nkịtị H12MDI aliphatic TPU na ihe nkiri nchebe agba n'ọdịnihu.
5. TPU nke dabere na ihe ndị dị ndụ
Ụzọ a na-ejikarị akwadebe TPU nke dabeere na bio bụ iwebata monomers ma ọ bụ intermediates dabere na bio n'oge usoro polymerization, dị ka isocyanates dabere na bio (dịka MDI, PDI), polyols dabere na bio, wdg. N'ime ha, isocyanates dabere na bio adịghị ahụkebe n'ahịa, ebe polyols dabere na bio na-adịkarịkarị.
Maka isocyanates sitere na bio, malite na 2000, BASF, Covestro, na ndị ọzọ etinyela nnukwu mgbalị na nchọpụta PDI, e tinyekwara ngwaahịa PDI mbụ n'ahịa n'afọ 2015-2016. Wanhua Chemical emepụtala ngwaahịa TPU sitere na bio site na iji PDI sitere na bio nke e ji stovu ọka mee.
Maka ihe gbasara bio polyols, ọ gụnyere bio based polytetrafluoroethylene (PTMEG), bio based 1,4-butanediol (BDO), bio based 1,3-propanediol (PDO), bio based polyester polyols, bio based polyether polyols, wdg.
Ugbu a, ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta TPU ewepụtala TPU dabere na bio, nke arụmọrụ ya yiri TPU dabere na petrochemical ọdịnala. Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti TPU ndị a dabere na bio dị na ọkwa ọdịnaya dabere na bio, nke na-adịkarị site na 30% ruo 40%, ụfọdụ na-erukwa ọkwa dị elu. Ma e jiri ya tụnyere TPU dabere na petrochemical ọdịnala, TPU dabere na bio nwere uru dịka ibelata ikuku carbon, mmeghari ohuru na-adịgide adịgide nke ihe ndị e ji emepụta ihe, mmepụta akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, na nchekwa akụrụngwa. BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Wanhua Chemical, naNgwa ọhụrụ Linghuaewepụtala ụdị TPU ha dabere na bio, mbelata carbon na nkwado ya bụkwa isi ihe nduzi maka mmepe TPU n'ọdịnihu.
Oge ozi: Ọgọst-09-2024