TPU bụ polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, nke bụ multiphase ngọngọ copolymer mejupụtara diisocyanates, polyols, na yinye extenders. Dị ka elastomer na-arụ ọrụ dị elu, TPU nwere ọtụtụ ntụziaka ngwaahịa na-agbadata ma na-ejikarị ya eme ihe dị mkpa kwa ụbọchị, ngwa egwuregwu, ihe egwuregwu ụmụaka, ihe ịchọ mma, na ubi ndị ọzọ, dị ka akpụkpọ ụkwụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ, eriri, eriri, ngwaọrụ ahụike, wdg.
Ugbu a, ndị isi TPU akụrụngwa na-emepụta gụnyere BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman, Wanhua Chemical,Ngwa ọhụrụ Linghua, were gabazie. Site na nhazi na mgbasawanye ikike nke ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ, ụlọ ọrụ TPU na-asọmpi ugbu a nke ukwuu. Otú ọ dị, na mpaghara ngwa ngwa dị elu, ọ ka na-adabere na mbubata, nke bụkwa mpaghara nke China kwesịrị iji nweta ọganihu na ya. Ka anyị kwuo banyere atụmanya ahịa n'ọdịnihu nke ngwaahịa TPU.
1. E-TPU ụfụfụ dị egwu
Na 2012, Adidas na BASF jikọrọ aka mepụta akpụkpọ ụkwụ na-agba ọsọ EnergyBoost, nke na-eji TPU foamed (ahịhịa aha infinergy) dị ka ihe etiti. N'ihi ojiji nke polyether TPU na a Shore A siri ike nke 80-85 dị ka mkpụrụ, jiri ya tụnyere Eva midsoles, foamed TPU midsoles ka nwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe ezi elasticity na nro na gburugburu n'okpuru 0 ℃, nke mma yi nkasi obi na ọtụtụ ebe ghọtara na ahịa.
2. Ihe mejupụtara TPU gbanwetụrụ eriri
TPU nwere ezigbo nguzogide mmetụta, ma na ụfọdụ ngwa, a na-achọrọ modulus dị elu na ihe siri ike. Mgbanwe nkwalite eriri iko bụ usoro a na-ejikarị eme ihe iji bulie modul nke ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe. Site na ngbanwe, ihe mejupụtara thermoplastic nwere ọtụtụ uru dị ka ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe dị elu, mkpuchi dị mma, nkwụsi ike ọkụ siri ike, arụmọrụ mgbake dị mma, nguzogide corrosion dị mma, nguzogide mmetụta, ọnụọgụ dị ala nke mgbasawanye, na nkwụsi ike akụkụ nwere ike nweta.
BASF ewebatala teknụzụ maka ịkwadebe TPU fiberglass dị elu site na iji obere eriri iko na patent ya. A rụpụtara TPU nwere ike siri ike nke Shore D nke 83 site na ịgwakọta polytetrafluoroethylene glycol (PTMEG, Mn=1000), MDI, na 1,4-butanediol (BDO) na 1,3-propanediol dị ka akụrụngwa. Ejikọtara TPU a na eriri iko na oke nha nke 52:48 iji nweta ihe ngwakọta nwere modul nke 18.3 GPa na ike ike nke 244 MPa.
Na mgbakwunye na eriri iko, enwekwara akụkọ banyere ngwaahịa na-eji carbon fiber composite TPU, dị ka Covestro's Maezio carbon fiber/TPU composite board, nke nwere modul na-agbanwe ihe ruru 100GPa na njupụta dị ala karịa ọla.
3. Halogen free ire retardant TPU
TPU nwere ike dị elu, ịdị elu siri ike, nkwụsi ike dị mma na ihe ndị ọzọ, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe mkpuchi dị mma maka wires na eriri. Mana na mpaghara ngwa dị ka ọdụ chaja, a na-achọ nkwụsị ọkụ dị elu. Enwere ụzọ abụọ n'ozuzu iji melite arụmọrụ ire ọkụ nke TPU. Otu bụ reactive ire retardant mgbanwe, nke gụnyere iwebata ire retardant ihe dị ka polyols ma ọ bụ isocyanates nwere phosphorus, nitrogen, na ihe ndị ọzọ n'ime njikọ nke TPU site chemical bonding; Nke abụọ bụ mgbakwụnye ire ere retardant mgbanwe, nke gụnyere iji TPU dị ka mkpụrụ na-agbakwunye ire ere retardants maka agbaze agbaze.
Mgbanwe mmeghachi omume nwere ike gbanwee nhazi nke TPU, ma mgbe ọnụọgụ ọkụ na-eme ka ọkụ na-agbakwụnye buru ibu, ike nke TPU na-ebelata, ọrụ nhazi na-akawanye njọ, na ịgbakwunye obere ego enweghị ike nweta ọkwa ọkụ ọkụ achọrọ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ nweghị ngwaahịa na-egbochi ire ọkụ dị n'ahịa nke nwere ike imezu ngwa nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.
Sayensị Bayer Material nke mbụ (nke bụ Kostron) webatara otu phosphorus organic nwere polyol (IHPO) dabere na phosphine oxide na patent. The polyether TPU synthesized si IHPO, PTMEG-1000, 4,4 '- MDI, na BDO exhibits magburu onwe ire retardanancy na n'ibu Njirimara. Usoro extrusion dị mma, na elu nke ngwaahịa ahụ dị nro.
Ịgbakwunye ọkụ na-ere ọkụ na-enweghị halogen ugbu a bụ ụzọ teknụzụ a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ịkwadebe TPU ire ọkụ na-enweghị halogen. N'ozuzu, phosphorus dabeere, nitrogen dabeere, silicon dabeere, boron dabeere ire retardants na-agbakọta ma ọ bụ metal hydroxides na-eji dị ka ire ọkụ retardants. N'ihi ọkụ dị adị nke TPU, ọkụ retardant na-ejuputa ego karịrị 30% ka a na-achọkarị iji mepụta akwa mkpuchi ire ọkụ n'oge ọkụ. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ire ere retardant agbakwunyere buru ibu, ọkụ retardant na-agbasasịghị n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na TPU mkpụrụ, na n'ibu Njirimara nke ire ere TPU adịghị mma, nke na-egbochi ya ngwa na nkwalite na ubi dị ka hoses, ihe nkiri. , na eriri.
Ikike BASF na-ewebata teknụzụ TPU na-ere ọkụ, nke na-agwakọta melamine polyphosphate na phosphorus nwere mpụta nke phosphinic acid dị ka ọkụ retardants na TPU nwere nkezi molekul arọ karịa 150kDa. Achọpụtara na arụrụ ọkụ ọkụ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma ka ọ na-enweta ike dị elu.
Iji nwetakwuo ike tensile nke ihe ahụ, patent BASF na-ewebata usoro maka ịkwadebe ihe nnọchi anya crosslinking masterbatch nwere isocyanates. Ịgbakwunye 2% nke ụdị masterbatch a na ihe mejupụtara nke na-ezute UL94V-0 ọkụ retardant chọrọ nwere ike ime ka ike ike nke ihe si na 35MPa gaa na 40MPa ka ị na-ejigide V-0 ọkụ retardant arụmọrụ.
Iji melite okpomọkụ iguzogide ịka nká nke TPU ire ọkụ, patent nkeỤlọ ọrụ Linghua New Materialsna-ewebatakwa usoro iji metal hydroxides kpuchie elu dị ka ihe na-egbochi ire ọkụ. Iji meziwanye nguzogide hydrolysis nke TPU ire ọkụ,Ụlọ ọrụ Linghua New Materialsewebata carbonate metal na ndabere nke ịgbakwunye melamine ire ere retardant na ngwa patent ọzọ.
4. TPU maka ihe nkiri mkpuchi mkpuchi ụgbọ ala
Ihe nkiri mkpuchi mkpuchi ụgbọ ala bụ ihe nkiri nchebe nke na-ekewapụ agba agba site na ikuku mgbe echichi, na-egbochi mmiri ozuzo acid, oxidation, scratches, na-enye nchebe na-adịte aka maka elu agba. Isi ọrụ ya bụ ichebe agba agba ụgbọ ala mgbe echichi gasịrị. Ihe nkiri nchebe agba n'ozuzu na-enwe okpukpu atọ, nke nwere mkpuchi na-agwọ onwe ya n'elu, ihe nkiri polymer dị n'etiti, na ihe ntanye nke nrụgide acrylic na ala ala. TPU bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi maka ịkwadebe ihe nkiri polymer etiti.
Ihe ndị a chọrọ maka TPU eji na ihe nkiri nchebe agba bụ ndị a: nkwụsị ọkụ, nghọta dị elu (transmittance ọkụ> 95%), mgbanwe okpomọkụ dị ala, nguzogide okpomọkụ, ike ike> 50MPa, elongation> 400%, na Shore A. oke ike nke 87-93; Ọrụ kachasị mkpa bụ nguzogide ihu igwe, nke gụnyere iguzogide ịka nká UV, mmebi oxidative thermal, na hydrolysis.
Ngwaahịa ndị tozuru oke ugbu a bụ TPU aliphatic akwadoro site na dicyclohexyl diisocyanate (H12MDI) na diol polycaprolactone dị ka akụrụngwa. TPU aromatic nkịtị na-atụgharị na-acha odo odo mgbe otu ụbọchị nke irradiation UV, ebe aliphatic TPU eji maka ihe nkiri mkpuchi ụgbọ ala nwere ike idowe ọnụọgụ na-acha odo odo na-enweghị mgbanwe dị ukwuu n'okpuru otu ọnọdụ ahụ.
Poly (ε - caprolactone) TPU nwere arụmọrụ kwesịrị ekwesị karịa polyether na polyester TPU. N'otu aka ahụ, ọ nwere ike igosipụta ezigbo nguzogide akwa mmiri nke TPU polyester nkịtị, ebe n'aka nke ọzọ, ọ na-egosipụtakwa nrụrụ obere mkpakọ na-adịgide adịgide na arụmọrụ dị elu nke polyether TPU, si otú a na-eji ya n'ahịa.
N'ihi ihe dị iche iche chọrọ maka ọnụ ahịa ngwaahịa-dị irè mgbe nkewa ahịa gasịrị, yana nkwalite teknụzụ mkpuchi elu na ikike ngbanwe usoro nrapado, enwerekwa ohere maka polyether ma ọ bụ polyester nkịtị H12MDI aliphatic TPU ka etinyere ya na fim nchebe agba n'ọdịnihu.
5. TPU biobased
Usoro a na-ahụkarị maka ịkwadebe TPU dabere na bio bụ iwebata monomers bio based ma ọ bụ ndị etiti n'oge usoro polymerization, dị ka isocyanates bio dabere (dịka MDI, PDI), polyols bio based, wdg. N'etiti ha, biobased isocyanates dị ụkọ na ahịa, ebe polyols biobased na-adịkarị.
N'ihe banyere bio based isocyanates, dị ka 2000, BASF, Covestro, na ndị ọzọ etinyewo mgbalị dị ukwuu na nyocha PDI, etinyere batch mbụ nke ngwaahịa PDI n'ahịa na 2015-2016. Wanhua Chemical ewepụtala ngwaahịa TPU dabere na 100% site na iji PDI dabere na bio nke sitere na stovu ọka.
N'ihe gbasara polyols bio, ọ gụnyere bio based polytetrafluoroethylene (PTMEG), bio based 1,4-butanediol (BDO), bio based 1,3-propanediol (PDO), polyester polyols bio based polyether polyols, wdg.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta TPU ewepụtala TPU dabere na bio, nke arụmọrụ ya dị ka TPU sitere na petrochemical ọdịnala. Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti TPU nke bio dabere na ọkwa ọdịnaya dabere na bio, n'ozuzu sitere na 30% ruo 40%, yana ụfọdụ na-enweta ọkwa dị elu. Tụnyere TPU petrochemical ọdịnala, TPU dabere na bio nwere uru dị ka ibelata ikuku carbon, nrụpụta akụrụngwa na-adigide, mmepụta akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, na nchekwa akụ. BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Wanhua Chemical, naNgwa ọhụrụ Linghuaewepụtala ụdị TPU ha dabere na bio, yana mbelata carbon na nkwado bụkwa isi ntụzịaka maka mmepe TPU n'ọdịniihu.
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-09-2024